Wildcard Examples

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Wildcard examples

Wildcards can be used in the commands of a rule, where they are expanded by the shell. For example, here is a rule to delete all the object files:

clean:
rm -f *.o

Wildcards are also useful in the dependencies of a rule. With the following rule in the makefile, ‘make print’ will print all the ‘.c’ files that have changed since the last time you printed them:

print: *.c
lpr -p $?
touch print

This rule uses ‘print’ as an empty target file; see Empty target files to record events. (The automatic variable, ‘$?’, is used to print only those files that have changed; see Automatic variables.) Wildcard expansion does not happen when you define a variable. Thus, if you write objects = *.o, then the value of the variable objects is the actual string ‘*.o’. However, if you use the value of objects in a target, dependency or command, wildcard expansion will take place at that time. To set objects to the expansion, instead use: objects := $(wildcard *.o). See The function, wildcard.

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